Factors and predictors of educational inequalities in European schools: a systematic literature review with a longitudinal lens

Despite numerous policy initiatives, educational inequalities continue to persist across and within European countries. A systematic literature review, encompassing 157 studies published between 1995 and 2024, aimed to identify and categorize factors and predictors contributing to these inequalities in European primary and secondary schools, specifically utilizing longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional designs.

The persistence of educational inequalities, despite concerted policy efforts, represents a significant societal and economic challenge across Europe. Understanding the underlying factors and predictors, particularly through longitudinal analysis, is critical for developing more effective and sustainable interventions to foster equitable and inclusive societies.

Educational inequalities are a persistent challenge across European primary and secondary education systems.

Forward consideration, not a verified fact.