Navigating uncertainty: strategy formulation in higher education

An exploratory interpretative study examining strategy formulation processes in higher education institutions (HEIs) within a developing country reveals critical insights. Utilizing Mintzberg's strategic schools and the strategy-as-practice perspective, the research investigated actors, methodologies, and the impact of the pandemic. A significant finding is the general lack of external stakeholder involvement, particularly from employers and alumni, in the strategic development processes of both public and private universities.

Why it matters

The efficacy of strategy formulation directly impacts an institution's ability to adapt, grow, and maintain relevance in a dynamic environment. A lack of diverse external input can lead to strategies that are misaligned with market needs and societal expectations, potentially hindering institutional effectiveness and long-term sustainability.

Key insights

• Strategy formulation processes and practices at higher education institutions in a developing country were the focus of the study.
• The research utilized Mintzberg's strategic schools and the strategy-as-practice (SAP) perspective.
• Actors involved, methodologies employed, and the influence of the pandemic on strategic planning were examined.
• Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with key figures from public and private universities, supplemented by strategic document analysis.
• A general paucity of external stakeholder involvement, including limited engagement from employers and alumni, was identified across the HEI spectrum in strategic development.

Source

Frontiers in Education — https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2026.1866456