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Circular Economy Synergies and Trade-offs in Data Centres

Source
arXiv — Computers and Society
Published
Last verified
7 Aug 2026
Confidence
High
Evidence
Original document retained
Reading time
1 min
Country
International
Relevant to
Technology & Data, Research & Evidence, Strategy & Planning

Executive summary

What happened, and why should leadership care?

The provided research identifies critical shortcomings in current data center (DC) sustainability metrics, particularly the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). It highlights the need for more granular metrics to accurately assess energy consumption, specifically distinguishing between compute efficiency, transformation efficiency, and cooling overhead. The report also uncovers significant trade-offs between water and energy consumption in DC operations, noting that on-site water usage for cooling can reduce upstream water consumption associated with power generation.

Why this matters

Why is this strategically important?

This analysis is crucial for developing accurate sustainability strategies within the technology sector, particularly for organizations operating data centers. Flawed metrics can lead to misallocated resources and ineffective sustainability initiatives, hindering progress towards environmental goals and potentially impacting operational costs. A refined understanding of these trade-offs is essential for sustainable growth and resource management.

Key insights

What should be noted from the evidence?

  • The PUE metric is inadequate for assessing data center sustainability, as it conflates cooling and power provisioning and misattributes energy consumption.
  • PUE inaccurately assigns server fan consumption and transformation losses to IT energy, failing to measure compute efficiency.
  • While infrastructure efficiency in data centers is high, compute energy consumption is rapidly increasing.
  • Improved energy metrics for data centers should encompass compute efficiency, transformation efficiency, and cooling overhead.
  • There are inherent trade-offs between cooling energy and water usage in data centers.

Evidence and confidence

How far can this assessment be trusted?

High confidence. Named institution, original document retained and analysis corroborated.

Analysis is prepared editorially by Aziz Shuaib Ausi. The original publication remains the authoritative record, and executive judgement remains entirely human.

Source

Where does this originate?

Reported by arXiv — Computers and Society · International. This briefing summarises the publication for executive use; the document itself is not reproduced here.

Read the original publication